Compare compounds

GHK-Cu

Start

1 mg

Range

1–2 mg

Frequency

Once daily

Cycle

4–8 weeks

Vials

50 / 100 mg

BPC-157

Start

0.25 mg

Range

0.25–0.5 mg

Frequency

Once or twice daily

Cycle

4–8 weeks

Vials

5 / 10 mg

TB-500

Start

2 mg

Range

2–5 mg per week

Frequency

2× weekly (loading), then weekly

Cycle

4–6 week loading, then maintenance

Vials

5 / 10 mg

Titration

1. Weeks 1–4: 2–2.5 mg, twice weekly
2. Weeks 5+: 2 mg, once weekly

GHK-Cu

GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is an endogenous tripeptide found in human plasma, saliva and urine that binds Cu(II) with high affinity. The GHK-Cu complex is studied as a copper-delivery and signaling molecule: in fibroblast cultures it stimulates collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, modulates metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, and gene-expression analyses associate GHK with shifts in many genes linked to tissue remodeling, antioxidant response and inflammation.

BPC-157

BPC-157 is a 15-amino-acid fragment of a protein found in gastric juice. Preclinical studies associate it with increased growth-hormone-receptor expression, angiogenesis pathways (including VEGF-related signalling) and lower inflammatory cytokines. The exact receptor target is not established.

TB-500

TB-500 is a synthetic peptide based on the active region of thymosin β4, a 43-amino-acid protein that binds G-actin and is involved in cell migration. Thymosin β4 research links it to endothelial and keratinocyte migration, angiogenesis and wound repair.

GHK-Cu

• Increased collagen synthesis in cultured human fibroblasts at nanomolar concentrations (in vitro).
• Enhanced wound contraction, angiogenesis and extracellular-matrix deposition in animal wound models.
• Connectivity Map analyses link GHK to reversal of gene-expression signatures associated with tissue damage and aging.
• Topical cosmetic studies report changes in skin density, elasticity and fine-line measurements.

BPC-157

• A 2025 systematic review found 36 studies: 35 preclinical and 1 clinical.
• Animal models showed improved functional, structural and biomechanical outcomes in muscle, tendon, ligament and bone injuries.
• The only clinical study was a small retrospective series: 7 of 12 patients with chronic knee pain reported relief for more than 6 months.

TB-500

• In a rat full-thickness wound model, thymosin β4 increased re-epithelialisation by 42% at day 4 and up to 61% at day 7 vs saline.
• Treated wounds contracted at least 11% more by day 7, with more collagen deposition and new blood vessels.
• Keratinocyte migration rose 2–3-fold in cell-culture assays.

GHK-Cu

• Used as an ingredient in topical cosmetic products; not approved by the FDA as a drug for any indication.
• Most mechanistic evidence is from cell culture and animal models; controlled human data are largely limited to topical cosmetic studies.
• Plasma GHK levels are reported to decline with age, a basis for its study in aging research.

BPC-157

• Not FDA-approved for any use and listed as prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency.
• Reported half-life is under 30 minutes; it is metabolised in the liver and cleared by the kidneys.
• Preclinical safety studies reported no organ toxicity, but the 2025 review found no clinical safety data.

TB-500

• Most evidence is on full-length thymosin β4; data on the TB-500 fragment itself is limited.
• Not approved for human use; listed as prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency.

GHK-Cu

4 references · view

BPC-157

2 references · view

TB-500

2 references · view