Overview
Overview
Mazdutide (IBI362) is a long‑acting dual GLP‑1/glucagon receptor agonist developed for chronic weight management and type 2 diabetes.[1][2] Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials have demonstrated substantial weight loss (6–14% reduction over 24–48 weeks) with mostly mild gastrointestinal side effects.[2][3][5] This educational protocol presents a once‑weekly subcutaneous approach with practical dilution for clear insulin‑syringe measurements. Reconstitute: Add 3.0 mL bacteriostatic water → ~1.67 mg/mL
- Category
- Weight Loss
- Routes
- subcutaneous
Mechanism
Mazdutide
Mechanism of action
Mechanism of action
Mazdutide functions as a dual agonist at both GLP‑1 and glucagon receptors, combining the appetite‑suppressing and glucose‑lowering effects of GLP‑1 with the energy‑expenditure benefits of glucagon activation. [2] [6] This dual mechanism distinguishes it from single‑target GLP‑1 agonists and has shown robust weight loss efficacy in clinical trials. Phase 2 studies demonstrated 6.7–11.3% body weight reduction at 3–6 mg weekly doses over 24 weeks. [2] A 48‑week phase 3 trial reported sustained weight loss of 11–14% with 4–6 mg weekly maintenance. [3] In type 2 diabetes populations, mazdutide achieved meaningful HbA1c reductions (~1.7%) alongside ~7% weight loss. [4] The extended half‑life enables convenient once‑weekly dosing with steady pharmacologic exposure.
Key research findings
- 01
Mazdutide (IBI362 / LY3305677) is a once-weekly dual glucagon (GCG) and GLP-1 receptor agonist, structurally based on mammalian oxyntomodulin (mechanistic / human study).
- 02
In Chinese Phase 3 trials (GLORY program), mazdutide produced substantial body-weight reduction, reported up to roughly 20% at the higher dose in adults with obesity (human study, Phase 3).
- 03
Phase 3 results in type 2 diabetes were reported and published, supporting glycemic and weight-related endpoints in that population (human study, Phase 3).
- 04
The dual mechanism (adding glucagon-receptor activity to GLP-1 activity) is researched for effects on energy expenditure and hepatic fat in addition to appetite (mechanistic).
- 05
China's NMPA approved mazdutide in 2025 (first for chronic weight management, then for type 2 diabetes), making it the first approved GCG/GLP-1 dual agonist; it is not FDA-approved.
Primary source: Mazdutide has a substantial, recent human evidence base, including Phase 3 trials in obesity and type 2 diabetes (GLORY program) conducted largely in Chinese adults, and it received NMPA approval in 2025. Outside China it remains investigational.
Pharmacokinetic profile
Single-dose plasma curve over 24h. Shaded band = commonly-cited therapeutic window. Illustrative only.
Protocol Reference
Protocol reference
Commonly cited research range: 2.5–6 mg, weekly.
Reference figures reported in the research literature — not a dosing recommendation. For interactive vial math and scheduling, see the Calculator and Schedule tabs.
Cited protocol & reconstitution guide
Source-backed reference fields by phase, including any volume fields authored in the cited guide.
Weeks 1–4
2.5 mg (2,500 mcg)
Weeks 5–8+
5 mg (5,000 mcg)
| Phase | Reference amount | Units / volume |
|---|---|---|
| Weeks 1–4 | 2.5 mg (2,500 mcg) | 150 units (1.50 mL) |
| Weeks 5–8+ | 5 mg (5,000 mcg) | 300 units (3.00 mL) |
Storage & Handling
Storage requirements(typical for most peptides)
Can be stored for extended periods. Protect from moisture.
Store in refrigerator door. Never freeze after reconstitution.
Label vials with reconstitution date. Discard if cloudy.
Reconstitution steps
- 01🌡️Draw 3.0 mL bacteriostatic water with a sterile syringe.
- 02🧴Inject slowly down the vial wall; avoid foaming.
- 03💉Gently swirl until dissolved (do not shake vigorously).
- 04💧Label with date and refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F), protected from light.
- 05🔄Advanced / High‑Dose Protocol (2.0 mL = 2.5 mg/mL)
- 06🏷️WEEK WEEKLY DOSE UNITS (PER INJECTION) (ML) NOTES
- 07❄️Weeks 1–4 5 mg (5,000 mcg) 200 units (2.00 mL) 1 vial
- 08💉Weeks 5–8 7.5 mg (7,500 mcg) 300 units (3.00 mL) 1.5 vials
- 09💉Weeks 9–12+ 10 mg (10,000 mcg) 400 units (4.00 mL) 2 vials; split into 2 injections
- 10💉Caution: High‑dose protocols (7.5–10 mg weekly) have been explored in phase 1b research but require careful monitoring and clinical oversight.[1] Doses above 6 mg increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. The 2.0 mL reconstitution provides higher concentration to reduce injection volume. For doses requiring >3.0 mL total volume, split into two separate injections at different sites.
- 11💉Important: This guide is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. For research use only. Not for human consumption.
Additional storage notes
Store at −20 °C (−4 °F) or below in dry, dark conditions; protect from moisture.
Refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F); use bacteriostatic water for multi‑dose stability. [9]
Do not freeze reconstituted solution; avoid freeze–thaw cycles which can denature the peptide. [7]
Dispose of reconstituted vials after 28 days or if cloudiness/particulates appear.
Clinical Evidence
Clinical evidence
Investigational compound studied in phase 2/3 clinical trials for body-weight and glycemic endpoints.
Mazdutide has a substantial, recent human evidence base, including Phase 3 trials in obesity and type 2 diabetes (GLORY program) conducted largely in Chinese adults, and it received NMPA approval in 2025. Outside China it remains investigational.
- 01Mazdutide (IBI362 / LY3305677) is a once-weekly dual glucagon (GCG) and GLP-1 receptor agonist, structurally based on mammalian oxyntomodulin (mechanistic / human study).
- 02In Chinese Phase 3 trials (GLORY program), mazdutide produced substantial body-weight reduction, reported up to roughly 20% at the higher dose in adults with obesity (human study, Phase 3).
- 03Phase 3 results in type 2 diabetes were reported and published, supporting glycemic and weight-related endpoints in that population (human study, Phase 3).
- 04The dual mechanism (adding glucagon-receptor activity to GLP-1 activity) is researched for effects on energy expenditure and hepatic fat in addition to appetite (mechanistic).
- 05China's NMPA approved mazdutide in 2025 (first for chronic weight management, then for type 2 diabetes), making it the first approved GCG/GLP-1 dual agonist; it is not FDA-approved.
Evidence maturity varies by compound; much peptide research is preclinical (in vitro or animal-model). Where human data are limited, findings should be read as research observations, not clinical conclusions.
References
Literature references
Published research articles and sources related to Mazdutide.
- 01EClinicalMedicine (PubMed) — Phase 1b trial: Safety and efficacy of mazdutide 9–10 mg in Chinese adults with overweight/obesity View Source
- 02Nature Communications — Phase 2 randomized controlled trial of mazdutide in Chinese overweight/obese adults View Source
- 03New England Journal of Medicine — Phase 3 trial: Once‑weekly mazdutide in Chinese adults with obesity or overweight (48‑week results) View Source
- 04Diabetes Care (PubMed) — Phase 2 trial: Efficacy and safety of mazdutide in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (20‑week results) View Source
- 05Frontiers in Endocrinology — Systematic review and meta‑analysis: Efficacy and safety of mazdutide on weight loss (diabetic and non‑diabetic patients) View Source
- 06International Journal of Obesity (Nature) — Review: Pipeline for future obesity medications (including mazdutide dual agonist mechanism) View Source
- 07Bachem Peptide Technical Guide — Handling and storage guidelines for peptides (lyophilized and in solution) View Source
- 08CDC — Vaccine administration: Subcutaneous injection technique (angle, site selection, no aspiration) View Source
- 09CDC — Injection safety for healthcare personnel (multi‑dose vial handling, aseptic technique) View Source
- 10NCBI Bookshelf — Clinical procedures: Subcutaneous injections (best practices and site rotation) View Source
- 11Pure Lab Peptides — Mazdutide (5 mg) product page (quality documentation and batch COAs) View Source
Research Considerations
Research considerations
Research Use Only - not for human or veterinary therapeutic use. Investigational compound currently in clinical development; not approved for general use. Consult a licensed healthcare professional for any clinical decisions.
Factors noted in the research literature; not patient-specific medical advice.
Regulatory Status
Regulatory status
RUO
Comparisons
Comparisons
| Compound | Mechanism | Route | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mazdutidethis | A long-acting dual agonist of GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, combining GLP-1 appetite/glycemic signaling with glucagon-mediated energy expenditure. | subcutaneous | Investigational / RUO |
| MOTS-C | A 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded in the 12S rRNA region of mtDNA that activates AMPK and influences nuclear stress-response gene expression, studied for metabolic homeostasis. | subcutaneous | Investigational / RUO |
| Retatrutide | An investigational triple-receptor agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors, combining appetite regulation, insulinotropic activity, and increased energy expenditure. | subcutaneous | Investigational / RUO |
| Semaglutide | Activates GLP-1 receptors to increase insulin secretion, slow gastric emptying, and reduce appetite through central mechanisms. | subcutaneous | Investigational / RUO |
| SLU-PP-332 | A synthetic pan-agonist of estrogen-related receptors (ERR alpha/beta/gamma) studied for activation of an aerobic-exercise-like gene program and increased oxidative metabolism. | — | Investigational / RUO |
| Melanotan II | A synthetic non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist (including MC1R and MC4R) studied for stimulation of melanogenesis (skin pigmentation) and central melanocortin-mediated activity. | subcutaneous | Investigational / RUO |
| MGF | A splice variant of IGF-1 (IGF-1Ec) produced in response to mechanical stress; its unique C-terminal E-peptide is studied for activation of muscle satellite cells and tissue repair. | subcutaneous | Investigational / RUO |
Attributes shown for research comparison only; not a statement of efficacy or therapeutic equivalence.
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Mazdutide is a once-weekly dual GCG/GLP-1 receptor agonist (an oxyntomodulin analog) studied for metabolic endpoints including weight and glycemic measures.
It activates both glucagon and GLP-1 receptors; research describes GLP-1 activity in appetite and glycemic regulation and glucagon activity in energy expenditure and hepatic fat metabolism. This is a mechanistic description, not a therapeutic claim.
Mature for its class. Multiple Phase 3 trials in obesity and type 2 diabetes have been reported and published, primarily in Chinese populations.
Semaglutide is a single GLP-1 agonist; mazdutide adds glucagon-receptor activity, a distinct dual-agonist mechanism studied in research.
Research-reported ranges vary by study and population, and trial dosing is typically titrated over time. This platform does not provide human dosing instructions; consult the protocol reference, and note that nothing here is medical advice.
As an injectable peptide it is studied under refrigerated, protocol-controlled handling; follow the certificate of analysis and protocol reference. This is not human-use guidance.
Mazdutide was approved by China's NMPA in 2025 (its first approvals covered chronic weight management and type 2 diabetes) and is not FDA-approved. Authorized indications are defined by the relevant regulator. On this platform it is referenced for research and education only, and nothing here is medical advice.
Research-use notice
Research Use Only. This educational content and calculation support is intended for private research documentation. It does not provide medical advice, human-use directions, or claims of safety or effectiveness.