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KPV

Viales

10 mg

Datos de dosis

Referencia de laboratorio; no indicado

GHK-Cu

Start

1 mg

Range

1–2 mg

Frequency

Once daily

Cycle

4–8 weeks

Vials

50 / 100 mg

BPC-157

Start

0.25 mg

Range

0.25–0.5 mg

Frequency

Once or twice daily

Cycle

4–8 weeks

Vials

5 / 10 mg

KPV

KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is the C-terminal tripeptide of α-MSH. It is taken up by the PepT1 transporter in gut and immune cells and inhibits NF-κB and MAP kinase inflammatory signalling.

GHK-Cu

GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is an endogenous tripeptide found in human plasma, saliva and urine that binds Cu(II) with high affinity. The GHK-Cu complex is studied as a copper-delivery and signaling molecule: in fibroblast cultures it stimulates collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, modulates metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, and gene-expression analyses associate GHK with shifts in many genes linked to tissue remodeling, antioxidant response and inflammation.

BPC-157

BPC-157 is a 15-amino-acid fragment of a protein found in gastric juice. Preclinical studies associate it with increased growth-hormone-receptor expression, angiogenesis pathways (including VEGF-related signalling) and lower inflammatory cytokines. The exact receptor target is not established.

KPV

• In mouse colitis models, oral KPV reduced intestinal inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.
• An engineered oral KPV conjugate reached 3.8-fold higher colon levels than free KPV in colitic mice and was also anti-inflammatory in acute lung injury.

GHK-Cu

• Increased collagen synthesis in cultured human fibroblasts at nanomolar concentrations (in vitro).
• Enhanced wound contraction, angiogenesis and extracellular-matrix deposition in animal wound models.
• Connectivity Map analyses link GHK to reversal of gene-expression signatures associated with tissue damage and aging.
• Topical cosmetic studies report changes in skin density, elasticity and fine-line measurements.

BPC-157

• A 2025 systematic review found 36 studies: 35 preclinical and 1 clinical.
• Animal models showed improved functional, structural and biomechanical outcomes in muscle, tendon, ligament and bone injuries.
• The only clinical study was a small retrospective series: 7 of 12 patients with chronic knee pain reported relief for more than 6 months.

KPV

• Not approved by the FDA or EMA for any indication; research-grade material is not a medicine.
• Evidence is from cell and mouse studies; no human trials are cited.

GHK-Cu

• Used as an ingredient in topical cosmetic products; not approved by the FDA as a drug for any indication.
• Most mechanistic evidence is from cell culture and animal models. Human topical research also includes controlled diabetic-ulcer studies; those formulations and wound-care settings do not establish injectable benefits.
• Plasma GHK levels are reported to decline with age, a basis for its study in aging research.

BPC-157

• Not FDA-approved for any use and listed as prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency.
• The cited human evidence does not establish systemic human pharmacokinetics; experimental clearance findings are not a validated human half-life for this research vial.
• Preclinical safety studies reported no organ toxicity, but the 2025 review found no clinical safety data.

KPV

2 referencias · ver

GHK-Cu

5 referencias · ver

BPC-157

2 referencias · ver